1. Consider the following statements:

1. Biofilms can form on medical implants within human tissues.
2. Biofilms can form on food and food processing surfaces.
3. Biofilms can exhibit antibiotic resistance.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

2. Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics:

1. Probiotics are made of both bacteria and yeast.
2. The organisms in probiotics are found in foods we ingest but they do not naturally occur in our gut.
3. Probiotics help in the digestion of milk sugars.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 3
4. 2 and 3

3. Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body?

1. They protect the body from environmental allergens.
2. They alleviate the body’s pain and inflammation.
3. They act as immunosuppressants in the body.
4. They protect the body from the diseases caused by pathogens.

4. Consider the following statements:

1. Other than those made by humans, nanoparticles do not exist in nature.
2. Nanoparticles of some metallic oxides are used in the manufacture of some cosmetics.
3. Nanoparticles of some commercial products which enter the environment are unsafe for humans.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 3 only
3. 1 and 2
4. 2 and 3

5. Consider the following statements:
DNA Barcoding can be a tool to:

1. asses the age of aplant or animal.
2. distunguish among species that look alike.
3. identify undesirable animal or plant materials in processed foods.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 3 only
3. 1 and 2
4. 2 and 3

6. “Climate Action Tracker” which monitors the emission reduction pledges of different countries is a:

1. Database created by coalition of research organisations
2. Wing of “International Panel of Climate Change”
3. Commmittee under “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change”
4. Agency promoted and financed by United Nations Environment Programme and World Bank

7. Consider the following statements:

1. “The Climate Group” is an International non-profit organization that drives climate action by building large networks and runs them.
2. The International Energy Agency in partnership with the Climate Group launched a global initiative “EP100”.
3. EP100 brings together leading companies committed to driving innovation in energy efficiency and increasing competitiveness while delivering on emmission reduction goals.
4. Some Indian companies are members of EP100
5. The International Energy Agency is the secretariat to the

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1, 2, 4 and 5
2. 1, 3 and 4 only
3. 2, 3 and 5 only
4. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

8. “If rainforests and tropical forests are the lungs of the Earth, then surely wetlands function as its kidneys.” Which one of the following functions of wetlands best reflects the above statement?

1. The water cycle in wetlands involves surface runoff, subsoil percolation and evaporation.
2. Algae form the nutrient base upon which fish, crustaceans, molluses, birds, reptiles and mammals thrive.
3. Wetlands play a vital role in maintaining sedimentation balance and soil stabilization.
4. Aquatic plants absorb heavy metals and excess nutrients.

9. In the context of WHO Air Quality Guidelines, consider the following statements:

1. The 24-hour mean of PM _2.5 should not exceed 15µg/m³.
2. In a year, the highest levels of ozone pollution occur during the periods of inclement weather.
3. PM₁₀ can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream.
4. Excessive ozone in the air can trigger asthma.

Which one of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1, 3 and 4
2. 1 and 4 only
3. 2, 3 and 4
4. 1 and 2 only

10. With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statement:

1. Its fibres can be blended with wool and cotton fibres to reinforce their properties.
2. Containers made of it can be used to store any alcoholic beverage.
3. Bottles made of it can be recycled into other products.
4. Articles made of it can be easily disposed of by incineration without causing greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 3
2. 2 and 4
3. 1 and 4
4. 2 and 3

11. Which of the following is not a bird?

1. Golden Mahseer
2. Indian Nighjar
3. Spoonbill
4. White Ibis

12. Which of the following are nitrogen-fixing plants?

1. Alfalfa
2. Amaranth
3. Chickpea
4. Clover
5. Purselane (Kulfa)
6. Spinach

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. 1, 3 and 4 only
2. 1, 3, 5 and 6 only
3. 2, 4, 5 and 6 only
4. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6

13. “Biorock technology” is talked about in which one of the following situations?

1. Restoration of damaged coral reefs
2. Development of building materials using plant residues.
3. Identification of areas for exploration/extraction of shale gas.
4. Providing salt licks for wild animals in forests/protected areas.

14. The “Miyawaki method” is well known for the:

1. Promotion of commercial farming in arid and semi-arid areas.
2. Development of gardens using genetically modified flora.
3. Creation of mini forests in urban areas.
4. Harvesting wind energy on coastal areas and on sea surfaces

15. Among the following crops, which one is the most important anthropogenic source of both methane and nitrous oxide?

1. Cotton
2. Rice
3. Sugarcane
4. Wheat

16. “System of Rice Intensification” of cultivation, in which alternative wetting and drying of rice fields is practised, results in:

1. Reduced seed requirement
2. Reduced methane production
3. Reduced electricity consumption

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

17. Consider the following pairs:

How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

1. Only one pair
2. Only two pairs
3. Only three pairs
4. All four pairs

18. Consider the following:

1. Carbon monoxide
2. Nitrogen oxide
3. Ozone
4. Sulphur dioxide

Excess of which of the above in the environment is/are cause(s) of acid rain?

1. 1, 2 and 3
2. 2 and 4 only
3. 4 only
4. 1, 3 and 4

19. With reference to Indian laws about Wildlife protection, consider the following statements:

1. Wild animals are the sole property of the government.
2. When a wild animal is declared protected, such animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside.
3. Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 and 2
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 3
4. 3 only

20. Certain species of which one of the following organisms are well known as cultivators of fungi?

1. Ant
2. Cockroach
3. Crab
4. Spider

21. Which one of the following has been constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?

1. Central Water Commission
2. Central Ground Water Board
3. Central Ground Water Authority
4. National Water Development Agency

22. Which one of the following best describes the term “greenwashing” ?

1. Conveying a false impression that a company’s products are eco-friendly and environmentally sound.
2. Non-inclusion of ecological/environmental costs in the Annual Financial Statements of a counntry.
3. Ignoring the disastrous ecological consequences while undertaking infrastructure development.
4. Making mandatory provisions for environment costs in a government protect/programme

23. Consider the following:

1. AarogyaSetu
2. CoWIN
3. DigiLocker
4. DIKSHA

Which of the following are built on top of open-source digital platforms?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2, 3 and 4 only
3. 1, 3 and 4 only
4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

24. With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements:

1. Web 3.0 technology enables people to control their own data.
2. In Web 3.0 world, there can be blockchain based social networks.
3. Web 3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

25. With reference to “Software as Service(SaaS)”. Consider the following statements:

1. SaaS buyers can customize the user interface and can change data fields.
2. SaaS users can access theur data through their mobile device.
3. Outlook, Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail are form of SaaS.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

26. Which one of the following statements best represent the idea of “Fractional Orbital Bombardment System” often talked about in media?

1. A hypersonic missile is launched into space to counter the asteriod approaching the Earth and explode it in space.
2. A spacecraft lands on another planet after making several orbital motions.
3. A missile is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth.
4. A spacecraft moves along a comet with the same speed and places a probe on its surface.

27. Which one of the following is the context in which the term ‘qubit’ is mentioned?

1. Cloud Services
2. Quantum Computing
3. Visible Light Communication Technologies
4. Wireless Communication Technologies

28. Consider the following Communication technologies:

1. Closed-circuit Telvision
2. Radio Frequency Identification
3. Wireless Local Area Network

Which one of the above are considered short-range devices/technologies ?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

29. In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements:

1. The Serum Institute of India produced COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using mRNA platform.
2. Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using vector based platform.
3. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen based vaccine.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3