NCERT Notes

Class 11 Polity Chapter 7: Federalism Notes Federalism divides power between the central and state governments, ensuring a balance of authority. This chapter discusses Union-State relations, distribution of powers (Union, State, and Concurrent Lists), the role of the Governor, and challenges in federal governance, including financial distribution and centralization of power. Introduction: Understanding Federalism Federalism […]

Class 11 Polity Chapter 6: Judiciary Notes The Judiciary ensures justice, protects Fundamental Rights, and interprets the Constitution. This chapter covers the structure of Indian courts (Supreme Court, High Courts, District Courts), the powers of judicial review, Public Interest Litigation (PIL), and the independence of the judiciary. Introduction: Understanding the Judiciary The Judiciary interprets and

Class 11 Polity Chapter 5: Legislature Notes The Legislature makes laws and represents the will of the people. This chapter examines the structure, functions, and powers of the Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha), the role of MPs, law-making process, and parliamentary committees. It also discusses how legislatures function in democratic governance. Introduction: Understanding

Class 11 Polity Chapter 4: Executive Notes The Executive branch implements laws and governs the country. This chapter explains the powers and functions of the President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers, highlighting the differences between a parliamentary and presidential system. It also explores the role of the bureaucracy in administration. Introduction: Understanding the Executive

Class 11 Polity Chapter 3: Election and Representation Notes Elections are the backbone of democracy, ensuring that citizens choose their representatives fairly. This chapter discusses India’s electoral system, types of representation (First-Past-the-Post, Proportional Representation), the role of the Election Commission, and electoral reforms to enhance democracy. Introduction: Why Do We Need Elections? Elections are the

Class 11 Polity Chapter 2: Rights in the Indian Constitution Notes Rights are essential for protecting individual freedom and dignity. This chapter explains Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution, including the Right to Equality, Freedom, Protection against Exploitation, Religious Freedom, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Constitutional Remedies. It also highlights the role of the

Class 11 Polity Chapter 1: Constitution – Why and How? Notes A constitution is the foundation of a country’s political and legal system. This chapter explores why a constitution is necessary, how it is framed, and its role in shaping governance. It discusses the Indian Constitution’s drafting process, the role of the Constituent Assembly, and