NCERT Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 6 New Questions and Ideas Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 6: New Questions and Ideas Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 6: New Questions and Ideas Notes This chapter explores the emergence of new philosophical and religious ideas in ancient India. It discusses the teachings of Gautama Buddha and Mahavira, the founder of Jainism. The chapter highlights key concepts like ahimsa (non-violence), karma, meditation, and renunciation. It also introduces Upanishadic thinkers, who […]

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Class 6 History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 5: Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 5: Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic Notes This chapter explores the rise of kingdoms and republics in ancient India. It explains how rulers gained power through Ashvamedha (horse sacrifice) and how mahajanapadas like Magadha and Vajji emerged. The chapter also discusses taxation, governance, armies, and the shift from tribal communities

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Class 6 History Chapter 4 What Books and Burials Tell Us Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 4: What Books and Burials Tell Us Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 4: What Books and Burials Tell Us Notes Ancient texts and burial sites provide valuable insights into early societies. The Rigveda, one of the oldest known texts, tells us about the life, beliefs, and social structure of the Vedic people. Burial sites, such as those in Inamgaon and the Megalithic sites,

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Class 6 History Chapter 3 In the Earliest Cities Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 3: In the Earliest Cities Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 3: In the Earliest Cities Notes The earliest cities emerged around 4,500 years ago in the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization). These cities, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, were well-planned with advanced drainage systems, granaries, and trade networks. People engaged in farming, craft production, and trade, contributing to the civilization’s prosperity.

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Class 6 History Chapter 2 From Hunting – Gathering to Growing Food Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 2: From Hunting – Gathering to Growing Food Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 2: From Hunting – Gathering to Growing Food Notes Early humans were hunter-gatherers, relying on nature for food. Over time, they discovered farming and animal domestication, leading to a settled life. This shift from a nomadic lifestyle to agriculture marked the beginning of civilizations. Early farmers cultivated crops like wheat and

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Class 6 History Chapter 1 What, Where, How, and When Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 1: What, Where, How, and When? Notes

Class 6 History Chapter 1: What, Where, How, and When? Notes History helps us understand the past by asking key questions: What happened? Where did it take place? How did it happen? And when did it occur? This chapter introduces the sources of history, including manuscripts, inscriptions, and archaeological findings. It also explains how historians

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Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 9: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 9: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems Notes India faces several geographical challenges that impact its development and sustainability. Issues such as land degradation, deforestation, air and water pollution, and urban waste management are major concerns. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to environmental degradation, affecting both rural and urban

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Class 12 Geography Chapter8 International Trade Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 8: International Trade Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 8: International Trade Notes International trade is a crucial component of India’s economy, facilitating the exchange of goods and services across global markets. India engages in both exports (sending goods abroad) and imports (bringing in goods from other countries), influencing economic growth, employment, and foreign exchange reserves. Major exports include petroleum

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Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Transport and Communication Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 7: Transport and Communication Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 7: Transport and Communication Notes Transport and communication are essential for the movement of goods, services, and information, contributing to economic growth and national integration. India has a vast transport network, including roadways, railways, airways, and waterways, each playing a crucial role in connectivity. Communication systems such as postal services, telecommunication,

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Class 12 Geography Chapter 6 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 6: Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 6: Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Notes Planning and sustainable development play a crucial role in India’s economic and social progress. This chapter explores the significance of regional planning, resource management, and sustainable development strategies to balance economic growth with environmental conservation. It covers important case studies like the

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